A bioreactor is a closed system used during upstream bioprocessing to grow cells under tightly controlled conditions. These cells can be used to produce biopharmaceuticals such as vaccines, therapeutics, gene therapies, and cell therapies. Unlike many traditional
Instrumentation, Measurement & Control Archives - Flow Control Group
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Machine safety functions must perform reliably when hazardous conditions occur. Under ISO 13849-1, that capability is expressed as a Performance Level (PL), ranging from PLa through PLe. The required Performance Level is established as part of the
Offshore oil and gas systems place demanding requirements on instrumentation valves. Components may need to operate at extremely high pressures while maintaining leak integrity, reliable shutoff, and consistent flow control in environments where maintenance access can be